Creative Mind Quotes

ऐसी बहुत सी चीजे हैं जो आप ऑनलाइन भी सीख सकते हो और ऑफलाइन भी, तो हमेशा कोशिश करो कुछ न कुछ सीखते रहने की.

मैं constantly ग्रो करता चला जा रहा हूँ अगर आप मुझे अभी मिल रहे हो और फिर 6 महीने बाद मिलोगे, You will find a different person.

गलत काम भी अगर आप एक Learning Attitude से कर रहे हो की मुझे सीखना है और I need to grow out of it. तो वो अच्छा है और एक सही काम भी बस करने के लिए कर रहे हो तो बेकार है.

अगर आप कोई भी ऐसा काम कर रहे हो जहाँ पर आप कुछ भी सीख रहे हो चाहे वो थोडा गलत भी है दुनिया की नज़र में; क्योंकि करोगे वैसे भी, लेकिन अगर सीख रहे हो तो वो काम भी सही है.

“If you have more than you need,

Simply share it with those who need it the most.”

                 - Sandeep Maheshwari

TACKING STUDIES

When a campaign is running, its impact is often monitored via a tracking study. Periodic sampling of the target audience provides a time trend of measures of interest. The purpose is to evaluate and reassess the advertising campaign and perhaps tracked are advertisement awareness, awareness of elements of the advertisement, brand awareness, beliefs about brand attributes, brand image ratings, occasions of use, and brand preference. For durables such as cars, consumers are asked what brands they would consider buying on their next purchase, and what brand they are most likely to buy next. Of particular interest is knowing how the campaign is affecting the brand, as apposed to how the advertisement is communicating.

Figure 11.4 shows tracking of an advertising campaign directed at children for a beverage product. Personal interview were held with children from six to twelve years old. They were shown visual stimuli such as pictures of brand packaging or line drawing of advertising characters. The interest was in the “main character,” who was the personification of the brand and playback of the “Story” of the advertising, the main creative element.

The successful campaign of year I was expanded with additional executions which apparently did not have comparable impact. The disappointing results of years 2 led to a fresh round of copy development aimed at making it more “modern” and “relevant” for kids. However, the decline continued in year 3. An analysis of verbatim playback suggested that the main character’s actions were too predictable and new were developed which placed it in a more heroic role, “rescuing” children in adventurous situation. In year 4, the main character measure turned up. For the next season, the campaign used situations from a child’s real life to attempt to make the advertising more relevant. The result in year 5 was a dramatic increase in recall of the central creative element and an important increase in two other measures. The tracking program provided in this case actionable information over time, allowing the advertising to be adjusted around the same theme to become more effective.

The Eric Marder firm provides one approach to obtaining tracking data without doing customized studies. They maintain a paned of 3,000 women from 1,000 areas. Each woman keeps a record of all television commercial she sees in the course of one randomly assigned day each month. Before watching television on her assigned day, she records her buying intention for each product category. On the assigned day she watches television normally except that she records the time, the channel, and the brand advertised from every ad she sees, and her buying intention immediately after exposure. The received message (RMs) are defined as the total number of commercials recorded per 100 women. The persuasion rate (PR) is defined as the net percent of the RM that produces a shift in buying intention from some other brand to the advertised brand. Subscribers obtain quarterly reports of the RM ad PR from all competing brands in the product class.

Information Technology

Introduction:

Developing computer has several decades ago, but are amazing changes in computer capacity, speed, size and other characteristic of the modern era. The invention of information technology in all these information has made possible many impossible things. We are sitting at home can chatting with our friends and relatives, and we can also reserve railway, airplane tickets. Information Technology as well as the development of computers is marching on the path of development. As the use of information technology, data communications, trade, business, banks are mainly on more places. Says information technology new branch of knowledge in other words.

Fundamental Ingredient of IT:

Communication process, are fundamental components of computer networks, e-mail, etc. Information Technology, their brief description is as follows:

Communication process:

There are two different or exchange between data and information to similar devices called data communication and communication process to the entire process.

Communication process is the completion by the following means:

1.     Message

2.     Recipient

3.     Sender

4.     Agency

5. Protocol

Type of Networks:

The network consists of various kind but mainly network consists of three types:

1. Local Area Network- (LAN) :

A local area network (LAN) is a group of computers and associated devices that share a common communications line or wireless link to a server. Typically, a LAN encompasses computers and peripherals connected to a server within a distinct geographic area such as an office or a commercial establishment. Computers and other mobile devices use a LAN connection to share resources such as a printer or network storage.

Metropolitan Area Network-(MAN) :

A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a network that interconnects users with computer resources in a geographic area or region larger that covered by even a large local area network (LAN) but smaller than the area covered by a wide area network (WAN).

Wide Area Network- (WAN) ;

A wide area network (WAN) is a network that exists over a large-scale geographical area. A WAN connects different smaller networks, including local area networks (LAN) and metro area networks (MAN). This ensures that computers and users in one location can communicate with computers and users in other locations. WAN implementation can be done either with the help of the public transmission system or a private network.

E-mail:  Email is a wonderful gift of information technology, which is by telephone, fax and postcard and more traditional communications service mail can be easily transmitted in only a few seconds. www.hotmail.com started first email servicing, and today hotmail is the world’s largest e-mail company.

धरती से जुड़ना, सहेजना और बचाना जरुरी है, क्योंकि ये मेरे जैसी ही है......

हम एक कोशिका से बने, धरती पर जीवन एक अमीबा से आया

हमारा जन्म एक कोशिका से होता है l ऐसे ही धरती पर करीब 4 अरब वर्षा पहले एक कोशिकीय अमीबा आया l इसी से बहुकोशिकीय प्राणी बने l पहले समुद्री जीव, फिर रेंगने वाले जंतु l फिर पक्षी और बाद में स्तनधारी प्राणियों का विकास हुआ l इसके बाद मानव आया l इसीलिए... धरती आशा का प्रतीक हैl इतना श्रेष्ट होने के लिए लम्बा संघर्ष चाहिए l

मानव शरीर की तरह धरती पर भी 70 फीसदी पानी है

मानव शरीर में 70% पानी होता है l धरती के भी 70% हिस्से में पानी है l शरीर में इतना पानी होने के बाद भी पानी की कमी हो जाती है, वैसे ही धरती पर भी पीने योग्य केवल 2.5 फीसदी ही है l हाइड्रोजन, कैल्शियम, नाइट्रोजन, फास्फोरस आदि भी भी दोनों में मौजूद हैंl इसीलिए... इन्सान-धरती दोनों की ताकत पानी हैl इसे सहेजेंl कमजोरी न बनने दें l

धरती और इन्सान दोनों को होता है कार्बन से खतरा

जलाया उच्च तापमान पर पका मास खाने से पैंक्रिआटिक कैंसर का खतरा है l कार्बन-डाई-ऑक्साइड से भी शरीर को खतरा हैl धरती को भी कार्बन उत्सर्जन से क्षति होती है और ओजोन परत को भी नुकसान पहुँचता हैl पेड़ व मिट्टी को इन्सान की तरह कई रोग भी होते हैं l इसीलिए... हम खुद की गलती से बीमार होते हैं, धरती को भी बीमार कर रहे हैं l

पृथ्वी के पास भी स्वस्थ रहने के लिए प्रतिरोधक क्षमता

इन्सान की प्रतिरोधक क्षमता जैसी ही ताकत पृथ्वी में भी हैl जैसे कार्बन समुद्र में घुल जाता हैl इसलिए समुद्रों में 30 ट्रिलियन टन कार्बन हैl पृथ्वी इसे चट्टानों में बदल देती है l इस तरह भूकंप के बाद धरती फ़ॉल्ट लाइंस को भी दुरुस्त कर लेती है l इसीलिए... पृथ्वी हमें लड़ना सिखाती है, परिदृश्य पर वापस लौटना बताती हैl

मनुष्य में 100 वाट उर्जा, धरती का केंद्र सूरज जैसा

हमारे शरीर में इतनी हीट होती है कि वो 100 वाट बिजली पैदा कर सकती है l इसके लिए हमें 2 हजार कैलोरी लेनी होती हैl इसी तरह धरती के केंद्र में भी जबरदस्त हीट हैl इसके केंद्र का तापमान 6 हजार डिग्री सेल्सिअस हैl जो सूरज के बराबर होता हैl इसीलिए... कहते हैं हमारा पूरा जीवन उर्जा से चलता हैl इसे बनाए रखिए l

आज एक शपथ

ऑक्सीजन के मामले में आत्मनिर्भर बनेगें 7-8 पेड़ एक व्यक्ति की साल भर की ऑक्सीजन की जरुरत पूरा कर देते हैंl ऐसे में हम इतने पौधे लगाकर अपने लिए ऑक्सीजन का इंतजाम कर सकते हैंl इससे बड़ा योगदान कुछ नहीं हो सकता हैl 

Here You Can Find Hindi Quotes, Suvichar, Biography, History, Inspiring Entrepreneurs Stories, Hindi Speech, Personality Development Article And More Useful Content In Hindi And English. नोट: अत्यंत सावधानी लेने के बावजूद भी हिन्दी टाइपिंग में मात्राओं और शब्दों में हमसे कुछ गलतियाँ हो सकतीं है ! अगर आपको इस प्रकार की गलतियाँ हमारे वेबसाइट के पोस्ट में दिखें तो कमेंट के माध्यम से हमें बताएं ! हम इस वेबसाइट पर जितने भी पोस्ट लिखते हैं वो मात्र ज्ञान के लिए है ! 

एक अंधी लड़की की कहानी

एक अंधी लड़की थी वो अपने आप से बहुत नफरत करती थी, क्योंकि वह अंधी थी और वह अपने प्रेमी को छोड़कर सभी से नफरत करती थी l उसका बॉय फ्रेंड हमेशा उसके साथ था l एक दिन उसने कहा अगर वह केवल दुनिया देख सकती तो वह अपने बॉय फ्रेंड से शादी करेगी l

एक दिन किसी ने अपनी दोनों आँखें उसे दान कर दीं l तब वह अपने बॉय फ्रेंड सहित सब कुछ देख सकती है l उसके बॉय फ्रेंड ने उससे पूछा कि अब तुम दुनिया देख सकती हो l अब मुझसे शादी करोगी?

वह अचंभित थी जब उसने अपने बॉय फ्रेंड को देखा तो वो अंधा था तो उसने उससे शादी करने से इंकार कर दिया l तब उसका बॉय फ्रेंड दुखी होकर उससे दूर चला गया और बाद में उसको एक पत्र लिखा और उससे कहा कि “प्रिय मेरी आँखों का ख्याल रखना”l 

नोट: अत्यंत सावधानी लेने के बावजूद भी हिन्दी टाइपिंग में मात्राओं और शब्दों में हमसे कुछ गलतियाँ हो सकतीं है ! अगर आपको इस प्रकार की गलतियाँ हमारे वेबसाइट के पोस्ट में दिखें तो कमेंट के माध्यम से हमें बताएं ! हम इस वेबसाइट पर जितने भी पोस्ट लिखते हैं वो मात्र ज्ञान के लिए है ! 

PERSONAL SPACE

Personal space depends on the relationship

Personal space or the space between persons during their interactions with each other is another segment of non-verbal communication. Physical distance between persons can indicate familiarity and closeness or otherwise. People who are close to each other tend to keep minimum distance whereas strangers and people who are not on very friendly terms with each other maintain physical distance. In a hierarchical context, while peers move close to each other, subordinates maintain a certain distance from their superiors. Similarly, the poor person refrains from going close to a rich person. In ancient societies, besides economic factors, class, community, colour, profession, rank, education and other such factors constituted the basis for physical space. All these factors are relevant for the proper understanding of the spatial non-verbal language. The British, particularly, respect such spatial considerations. Not only the length of space, but even the physical position has its own significance. Front seats and special seats, as we all know, are occupied by relatively senior and more important persons. When peers are in conversation, or speaking on the telephone, the subordinates normally wait at a distance awaiting the signal to approach. On the contrary, when the subordinates are in conversation or speaking on the telephone, the superior moves close and often shows his impatience. Whether it is in an organization, or in a social context, personal space has its own significance, which one has to appreciate so as to make communication effective.

EXHIBIT: Keeping Proper Distance

It is well understood that the distance people maintain while communicating with each other indicates how close they are to each other in terms of social or business relationship. While close friends and people at the same hierarchical level keep the physical gap to the minimum, strangers as well as people who have a superior-subordinate relationship do not get too close. The proximity or otherwise between two persons would also vary from culture to culture and country to country.

According to a newspaper report, here is how close you stand when standing next to someone in office:

1.           10 feet if you are an Asian

2.           3-5 feet if you are an American

3.           One foot if you are a Latin American

Every society and even every organization would have its own well-understood norms.

ग्वालियर किले का इतिहास

ग्वालियर किला मध्य भारत के मध्य प्रदेश के ग्वालियर में स्तिथ है। किला एक सुरक्षित बनावट के के साथ २ भागों में बंटा हुआ है। एक भाग गुजरी महल और दूसरा मन मंदिर। इतिहास में बहुत से राजाओं ने इस किले पर अलग अलग समय पर इस नियंत्रण रखा है। गुजरी महल को रजा मानसिंह तोमर ने रानी मृगनयनी के लिए बनवाया था। ये अब एक ऐतेहासिक संग्रहालय के रूप में जाना जाता है। “शुन्य” से जुड़े हुए सबसे पुराने दस्तावेज़ इसी किले के ऊपर की और जाने वाले रास्ते पर एक मंदिर में मिले थे। ये करीबन 1500 साल पुरे थे। इसे किलों का रत्न कहा जाता है।

ग्वालियर किले को बनने में कितना वक़्त लगा इसके कोई पुख्ता साक्ष नहीं हैं। पर स्थानीय निवासियों के अनुसार इसे राजा सूरज सेन ने आठंवी शताब्दी में बनवाया था। उन्होंने इसे ग्वालिपा नाम के साधू के नाम पर धन्यवाद् के रूप में बनवाया। कहा जाता है की साधू ने उन्हें एक तालब का पवित्र जल पीला कर कुष्ठ रोग से निजात दिलाई थी। साधू ने उन्हें “पाल” की उपाधि से नवाज़ा था और आशीर्वाद दिया था। जब तक वे इस उपाधि को अपने नाम के साथ लगाएंगे तब तक ये किला उनके परिवार के नियंत्रण में रहेगा। सूरज सेन पाल के 83 उत्तराधिकारियों के पास इस किले का नियंत्रण रहा पर 84 वे वंशज के करण इस किले को हार गए।

ऐतेहासिक दस्तावेज और साक्ष्यों के अनुसार ये किला 10 वी शताब्दी में तो ज़रूर था परन्तु उसके पहले इसके अस्तित्व में होने के साक्ष नही हैं। परन्तु किले के परिसर में बने नक्काशियों और ढांचों से इसके इसके 6 वीं शताब्दी में भी अस्तित्व में होने का इशारा मिलता है; इसका कारण यह है की ग्वालियर किले में मिले कुछ दस्तावेजों में हुना वंश के राजा मिहिराकुला के द्वारा सूर्य मंदिर बनांये जाने का उल्लेख है। गुर्जरा-प्रतिहरासिन ने 9 वी शताब्दी में किले के अंदर “तेली का मंदिर” का निर्माण कराया था।

तीन वर्ग किलोमीटर के दायरे में फैले इस किले की ऊंचाई 350 फीट है. यह किला मध्यकालीन स्थापत्य के अद्भुत नमूनों में से एक है. यह ग्वालियर शहर का प्रमुख स्मारक है जो गोपांचल नामक छोटी पहाड़ी पर स्थित है. लाल बलुए पत्थर से निर्मित यह किला देश के सबसे बड़े किले में से एक है और इसका भारतीय इतिहास में एक महत्वपूर्ण स्थान है.

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बहुत समृद्ध है ग्वालियर के किले का इतिहास

इतिहासकारों के दर्ज आंकड़े में इस किले का निर्माण सन 727 ईस्वी में सूर्यसेन नामक एक स्थानीय सरदार ने किया जो इस किले से 12 किलोमीटर दूर सिंहोनिया गांव का रहने वाला था. इस किले पर कई राजपूत राजाओं ने राज किया है. किले की स्थापना के बाद करीब 989 सालों तक इसपर पाल वंश ने राज किया. इसके बाद इसपर प्रतिहार वंश ने राज किया. 1023 ईस्वी में मोहम्मद गजनी ने इस किले पर आक्रमण किया लेकिन उसे हार का सामना करना पड़ा. 1196 ईस्वी में लंबे घेराबंदी के बाद कुतुबुद्दीन ऐबक ने इस किले को अपनी अधीन किया लेकिन 1211 ईस्वी में उसे हार का सामना करना पड़ा. फिर 1231 ईस्वी में गुलाम वंश के संस्थापक इल्तुतमिश ने इसे अपने अधीन किया.

इसके बाद महाराजा देववरम ने ग्वालियर पर तोमर राज्य की स्थापना की. इस वंश के सबसे प्रसिद्ध राजा थे मानसिंह तोमर (1486-1516) जिन्होंने अपनी पत्नी मृगनयनी के लिए गुजरी महल बनवाया. 1398 से 1505 ईस्वी तक इस किले पर तोमर वंश का राज रहा.

मानसिंह तोमर ने इस दौरान इब्राहिम लोदी की अधीनता स्वीकार ली थी. लोदी की मौत के बाद जब मानसिंह के बेटे विक्रमादित्य को हुमायूं ने दिल्ली दरबार में बुलाया तो उन्होंने आने से इंकार कर दिया. इसके बाद बाबर ने ग्वालियर पर हमला कर इसे अपने कब्जे में लिया और इसपर राज किया. लेकिन शेरशाह सूरी ने बाबर के बेटे हुमायूं को हराकर इस किले को सूरी वंश के अधीन किया. शेरशाह की मौत के बाद 1540 में उनके बेटे इस्लाम शाह ने कुछ समय के लिए अपनी राजधानी दिल्ली से बदलकर ग्वालियर कर दिया. इस्लाम शाह की मौत के बाद उनके उत्तराधिकारी आदिल शाह सूरी ने ग्वालियर की रक्षा का जिम्मा हेम चंद्र विक्रमादित्य (हेमू) को सौंप खुद चुनार चले गए. हेमू ने इसके बाद कई विद्रोहों का दमन करते हुए कुल 1553-56 के बीच 22 लड़ाईयां जीतीं. 1556 में हेमू ने ही पानीपत की दूसरी लड़ाई में आगरा और दिल्ली में अकबर को हराकर हिंदू राज की स्थापना की. इसके बाद हेमू ने अपनी राजधानी बदलकर वापस दिल्ली कर दी और पुराना किला से राज करने लगा.

इसके बाद अकबर ने ग्वालियर के किले पर आक्रमण कर इसे अपने कब्जे में लिया और इसे कारागर में तब्दील कर दिया गया. मुगल वंश के बाद इसपर राणा और जाटों का राज रहा फिर इस पर मराठों ने अपनी पताका फहराई.

1736 में जाट राजा महाराजा भीम सिंह राणा ने इस पर अपना आधिपत्य जमाया और 1756 तक इसे अपने अधीन रखा. 1779 में सिंधिया कुल के मराठा छत्रप ने इसे जीता और किले में सेना तैनात कर दी. लेकिन इसे ईस्ट इंडिया कंपनी ने छीन लिया. फिर 1780 में इसका नियंत्रण गौंड राणा छत्तर सिंह के पास गया जिन्होंने मराठों से इसे छीना. इसके बाद 1784 में महादजी सिंधिया ने इसे वापस हासिल किया. 1804 और 1844 के बीच इस किले पर अंग्रेजों और सिंधिया के बीच नियंत्रण बदलता रहा. हालांकि जनवरी 1844 में महाराजपुर की लड़ाई के बाद यह किला अंततः सिंधिया के कब्जे में आ गया.

1 जून 1858 को रानी लक्ष्मीबाई ने मराठा विद्रोहियों के साथ मिलकर इस किले पर कब्जा किया. लेकिन इस जीत के जश्न में व्यस्त विद्रोहियों पर 16 जून को जनरल ह्यूज के नेतृत्व वाली ब्रिटिश सेना ने हमला कर दिया. रानी लक्ष्मीबाई खूब लड़ीं और अंग्रेजों को किले पर कब्जा नहीं करने दिया. लेकिन इस दौरान उन्हें गोली लग गई और अगले दिन (17 जून को) ही उनकी मृत्यु हो गई. भारतीय इतिहास में यह ग्वालियर की लड़ाई के नाम से वर्णित है. लक्ष्मीबाई की मृत्यु के बाद अग्रेजों ने अगले तीन दिन में ही किले पर कब्जा कर लिया.

किले में क्या देखें

किला और इसकी चारदीवारी का बहुत अच्छे तरीके से देखभाल किया जा रहा है. इसमें कई ऐतिहासिक स्मारक, बुद्ध और जैन मंदिर, महल (गुजरी महल, मानसिंह महल, जहांगीर महल, करण महल, शाहजहां महल) मौजूद हैं.

किला मुख्यतः दो भाग में बंटा है. मुख्य किला और महल (गुजरी महल और मान मंदिर महल). इन किलों का निर्माण राजा मान सिंह ने करवाया था. गुजारी महल का निर्माण उन्होंने अपनी प्रिय रानी मृगनयनी के लिए करवाया था. अब गुजारी महल को पुरातात्विक संग्रहालय में तब्दील कर दिया गया है. इस संग्रहालय में दुर्लभ मूर्तियां रखी गई हैं जो पहली ईस्वी की हैं. ये मूर्तियां यहीं के आसपास के इलाकों से प्राप्त हुई हैं.

इसके अलावा आप यहां तेली का मंदिर, 10वीं सदी में बना सहस्त्रबाहु मंदिर, भीम सिंह की छतरी और सिंधिया स्कूल देख सकते हैं.

किले तक कैसे पहुंचें

इस किले तक पहुंचने के लिये दो रास्ते हैं. एक ग्वालियर गेट कहलाता है जिसपर केवल पैदल ही जाया जा सकता है. जबकि दूसरे रास्ते ऊरवाई गेट पर आप गाड़ी से भी जा सकते हैं. यह किला 350 फीट की ऊंचाई पर स्थित है. किले का मुख्य प्रवेश द्वार हाथी पुल के नाम से जाना जाता है जो सीधा मान मंदिर महल की ओर ले जाता है.

नोट: अत्यंत सावधानी लेने के बावजूद भी हिन्दी टाइपिंग में मात्राओं और शब्दों में हमसे कुछ गलतियाँ हो सकतीं है ! अगर आपको इस प्रकार की गलतियाँ हमारे वेबसाइट के पोस्ट में दिखें तो कमेंट के माध्यम से हमें बताएं ! हम इस वेबसाइट पर जितने भी पोस्ट लिखते हैं वो मात्र ज्ञान के लिए है ! 

LISTENING SKILLS

Discusses the following:

Þ       Good Listening

Þ       Listening Process

Þ       Types of Listening

Þ       Barriers to Listening

Þ       Ten Commandments of Listening

Þ       Importance of Listening Skills in Business

Þ       Listening to Customers

attentively, then you are listening not only to the words, but also to the feeling of what is being conveyed, to the whole of it, not part of it.

GOOD LISTENING

The roles of speaker and receiver are not fixed

Communication is essentially a two-way process. It is a process that involves at least two parties—the sender and the receiver or the speaker and the listener. The purpose of any communication is not achieved till the receiver receives the message which the sender puts across. There is often an expectation that the receiver will not only receive the message, but also interpret it, understand it, use it and provide the requisite feedback about having received the message and acted on it. It is essential to note that sender and receiver are not always fixed permanent positions. One is a sender or a receiver for a particular piece of communication or message transmission. However, communication is by and large an interactive process and the roles are seldom fixed. A receiver becomes the sender and the sender becomes the receiver. Good communication, therefore, calls for listening skills. A good speaker must necessarily be a good listener.

Good listening is hard work

In an interactive communication, listening accounts for about 50 per cent of verbal communication. Both the parties keep changing their roles so that objectives of the communication are achieved in full, as intended. If it is an organized speech or lecture, listening should be full-time. That is why it is a said that good listening is as much hard work as good speaking. While good listening leads to proper understanding, poor listening can lead to misunderstanding and incomplete understanding.

Good listening creates a positive environment and motivates the communicator. In order to be a good listener, it is necessary to appreciate the listening process and master the listening skills.

LISTENING PROCESS

More than an act, listening is a process. It is a lot more than hearing. It starts with hearing but goes beyond. In other words, hearing is a necessary but not sufficient condition for listening. Listening involves hearing with attention. Listening is a process that calls for concentration. Hearing refers to the perception of sound with the ear. Hearing is a physical act. One hears a noise, whether one wants to or not. If hearing is impaired, a hearing aid is used. Hearing aids amplify the sound. Listening is more comprehensive than hearing. Listening is done not only with the ear. but also with the other sense organs. While listening, one should also be observant. In other words, listening has to do with the ears, as well as with the eyes and the mind. Hearing is physical, while listening is intellectual, involving both the body and the mind.

Good listeners put the speaker at ease

Listening is to be understood as the total process that involves hearing with attention, being observant and making interpretations. Good communication is essentially an interactive process.

Listening calls for participation and involvement. It is quite often a dialogue rather than a monologue. It is necessary for the listener to be interested and also show or make it abundantly clear that one is interested in knowing what the other person has to say. Good listeners put the speaker at ease.

The listener can and should help the speaker in establishing a wavelength through which communication traverses smoothly.

The listening process can be understood best by looking at various words which are associated with listening. These are hearing, decoding, sensing, understanding, comprehending, filtering, absorbing, assimilating, empathizing, remembering and responding. Each one of these plays a role in making listening complete and effective. There is also another set of words which can be associated with the listening process. These are attentiveness, focus, willingness, patience, attitude and concentration. The process of listening, to be effective, should encompass all these.

The process of listening involves:

1.           Hearing

2.           Decoding

3.           Comprehending

4.           Remembering

5.           Responding

Together, these components ensure that the listening part of the communication process becomes meaningful and effective.

Hearing

This is the first essential step in listening. It relates to the sensory perception of sound. The communicator expects the receiver to ‘lend his or her ears’. There should be a certain attentiveness or concentration in receiving verbal messages. Hearing relates to receiving the words sent out to the speaker for further processing by the listener.

EXHIBIT 4.1 Mind the Gap

Research has shown that the human mind can process words at the rate of about 500 per minute, whereas a speaker speaks at the rate of about 150 words a minute. The difference between the two, at 350. is quite large.

Be aware and make every effort to retain the attention of the audience. The listener should also be careful not to let his mind wander.

Decoding

The next step relates to decoding. This involves sensing and filtering of the verbal messages. Hearing the words apart, other sensory perceptions come into play. Decoding takes place as a conscious exercise. Listening also involves filtering, whereby the message received is classified as wanted or unwanted, useful or otherwise. That which is considered useless or unwanted is discarded. This filtering process is subjective in nature and a person chooses to retain only that which makes sense to him. Sense of appeal and sense of judgment come into play during sensing and filtering the message. The message is thereafter sent to the next process.

Knowledge speaks, but wisdom listens.

Comprehending

The next level of listening consists of comprehending or understanding. The filtered message assumes a meaning. This activity can also be described as absorbing, grasping or assimilating. The listener has now understood what the speaker has tried to convey. The message received has been heard, sensed, filtered and interpreted. In doing so. the listener has brought into play the listener’s own knowledge, experience, perception and cognitive power. The listener has used not only the body, but also the intellect in grasping the meaning of the message. The verbal message apart, the non-verbal communication has also been studied and noted.

Remembering

This is another important facet of listening. Messages received are meant, quite often, not just for immediate consideration and action, but also for future use. In fact, very often, although the absorption takes place in the present, its use may take place some time in the future. Memorizing the message, therefore, assumes significance. Remembering relates to a process whereby the assimilated message is stored in memory to facilitate future recall.

Responding

Response of the listener may take place at the end of the verbal communication or even earlier. When it is intended to provide feedback to the communicator, response occurs towards the end. If however, there is a need to seek clarification or a need to empathize with the speaker, it may take place earlier. This may take the form of prodding, prompting or reassuring that the message is being well received.

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Body Language

Bodies do not lie

There are many ways in which a human body expresses itself. These expressions may be obvious or subtle, conscious or unconscious and complementary or contradictory. It is said that bodies don’t lie and body language, therefore, tells the truth. If you are tired, you can’t sit erect; if you are sleepless, your eyes tend to shut or if you are bored, you tend to yawn. Skillful communicators can express themselves in many ways as long as they are conscious of the fact that various parts of the body may intentionally or otherwise carry a message. Similarly, a keen listener or an observer carries and makes sense from the body expressions as well. Facial expressions, eye movements and the state of the eyes and the variety and intensity of the human voice can and do convey different meanings. Innocence, anger, wonder, shock, grief, terror, indifference, seriousness, friendliness, approval, disapproval, exasperation and many other feelings can be expressed through body language. In some professions, where the facial and body expressions are important, they are consciously cultivated. Let us consider drama artists, movie stars, actors and people in show business. The success of their performance often depends on their ability to cultivate and display a wide range of expressions as the situation demands.

 According to researchers, the non-verbal part of the communication has an overwhelming impact. It is said that less than 10 per cent of the effect of a speaker on an audience is accounted for by words. Over 90 per cent of the effect comes from the non-verbal part. Here again, about 50 per cent of the effect is accounted for by the visual factors— appearance, apparel, body language, facial expression and postures and gestures. Over 35 per cent of the effect is accounted for by the voice—tone, sincerity, modulation.

When you speak, your personality speaks.

The head, the gait, the walk, the carriage are also various facets of body language. Ramrod straight, bolt upright, hunchback, stoop and slouch are some of the words associated with the body and its movements. Nodding of the head to convey consent or approval and vigorous shaking of the head to convey dissent are also common.

Facial Expressions

Face is the index of the mind

It is said that the face is the index of the mind. The thoughts of the mind and the feelings of the heart often find expression on the face. There are people who are good at reading facial expressions. Good communicators, whether they are speakers or listeners, learn to read and interpret facial expressions. Some of the idiomatic phrases used in connection with facial expression are:

1.           The face that launched a thousand ships

2.           To make a face

3.           The smile of acknowledgement or recognition

4.           To carry a wooden expression

5.           To carry a mask on one's face

The facial make-up, if any, can also be subjected to interpretation.

Eyes

Eyes are highly expressive

The eyes are indeed the most expressive part of the human face. The eyes of a person are often said to tell a tale. In fact, the eyes are the most commonly described part of the body. The feelings of the heart quite often find expression through the eyes. In the expression of love, affection and sincerity the eye contact becomes crucial. Romantic literature, over the years, has seen copious references to the eyes. Some of the words and expressions used in common parlance while reading the eyes are as follows:

1.           Twinkle in his eyes

2.           Furtive glance

3.           Eyes emitting fire

4.           Worried look

5.           Sad look

6.           Wary look

7.           Unsettling stare

8.           Hurried glance

9.           Cold stare

Eye contact is relevant for all business situations

Since eyes are considered to be highly expressive, there is considerable significance attached to the presence or absence of eye contact. In legal cross-examinations, in counselling sessions, in negotiations and other such business situations, the quality of eye contact comes in for particular scrutiny. In dealing with customers at the counter, in facing interviews for recruitment and promotion, in making presentations and in sales talk, eye contact assumes considerable significance.

Voice

Human voices, through their variations, convey different meanings. Speech or oral delivery reaches the audience better through voice modulation. Voice modulation refers to the adjustment or variation of tone or pitch while speaking. It is generally understood that voice has five distinct features, viz.:

1.           Tone—harsh, soft, whisper

2.           Pitch—high, low

3.           Quality—controlled, uncontrolled

4.           Pace—rapid, slow

5.           Force—intensity

Voice-related features are particularly relevant in spoken communication, either face to face or through telephone.

Postures and gestures complement the spoken word

Yet another component of non-verbal communication relies to postures and gestures. Posture refers to the carriage, state and attitude of body or mind. Gesture refers to any significant movement of limb or body and a deliberate use of such movement as an expression of feeling. Gesture can also be understood as a step calculated to evoke response from another person or to convey intention. Gesture includes gesticulation. Like other aspects of body language, posture and gesture should also be read along with the verbal and other messages. The posture of a person may be described as erect or upright or reclining. Posture may he physical or mental. Gestures in human interfaces are many and varied. People read and interpret gestures and hence these are extremely important in the organizational context.

Messages are conveyed through movements and physical actions

Nodding, shaking of head, smiling, patting the back, putting the hand over one’s shoulder, clasping hands, shrugging, touching, frowning, scowling, blinking, yawning and crossing and uncrossing of legs are among the various types of physical actions and gestures that are used to convey meanings and messages and are likewise interpreted by others receiving the message. The message conveyed through these actions can be both positive and negative, and therefore, the communicator has to be quite conscious of his actions. Again, to be effective, these postures, gestures and actions have to complement lie spoken word. If not. the communication results in contradiction and confusion.

Postures, gestures and actions are of much significance in the organizational context. Understood properly, they can be of great help in conveying the right message. Ignored, they can cause considerable unintended damage and misunderstanding. In a meeting where the chairman is addressing, or a promotional interview, or even when an important customer is being attended to, people concerned should be conscious of their body movements and actions. They should convey the proper message that they are both physically and mentally alert and responsive. A smile at the wrong time may be taken as a sneer and. therefore, may irritate a person. Slouching, yawning, swinging of arms and legs and such other actions which give a message of indifference and carelessness will have to be scrupulously avoided in all serious business- related and organizational interactions. In the organizational context, leaders and good communicators make effective use of gestures like a smile, a touch and a pat on the back. They come in very handy for motivation, morale building and clearing misapprehensions.

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Motivation

Motivation constitutes another very important facet of business communication. To motivate means to cause or stimulate a person to act. Motivation is the noun that refers to the act of motivating a person. Motive is the cause of action or underlying reason for the intended action to take place. Motive provides the power or force for action. Motive stimulates action. That is why the words motive power and motive force are commonly used. The word 'motive' has evolved from the Latin word ‘movere’, which means ‘to move’.

Motivational writing is positive and stimulating writing

Motivation thus refers to the ability to move or stimulate a person to act in the desired manner, and motivational communication relates to a piece of writing that endeavours to prompt action from the receiver of the communication. In business pretense, motivational communication is associated with positive writing that not only informs, but also enthuses and stimulates the recipient to act and respond favourably. Motivation can take place through both written and spoken communication.

Motivation is an important area of study in psychology and there is a vast literature on the subject of motivation. What motivates people to act, whether it is to work, or to buy something, or reply or give feedback, is not something easy to comprehend. Human beings are known to respond differently to different situations. Not only that, even the same person may not respond the same way to the same situation at different times. How people respond to various stimuli is an interesting study by itself. In the chapter on ‘Internal Communication' discussed later in this book, we have referred to the theory of motivation and Abraham Maslow’s ‘Hierarchy of Needs'. In order to make motivation effective, a business writer should have a deeper understanding of the theory of motivation and how people behave under different circumstances. For the present purpose, the business communicator should note that motivational communication consists of letters, circulars, memos, etc., which use positive words that have the power to stimulate the reader. In fact, motivation is a fascinating area, and leaders and accomplished writers develop a wide array of motivational skills. A good business communicator should, over a period of time, progressively improve his/her motivational communication skills, both verbal and written.

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GROOMING AND INTERVIEW PREPARATION

Many of object to being judged for employment based on how we look. We prefer to be hired because of our skills and abilities, not because of our dress and grooming. But like it or not, appearance in important.

While the college campus may be the perfect forum is which to exhibit your flair for the latest in fashion style, the interview is not the place to do so. Even though many companies have relaxed the internal company dress code, interviews still follow the conservative standard.

Do not go out and but a whole new wardrobe. Go for quality over quantity. One or two well-chosen business suits will serve you all the way to the first day on the job and beyond. Then, when you are making some money (and have a chance to see what the standard "dress" is for the company), you can begin to round out you wardrobe. If you have only one sharp outfit and desire some variety within a limited budget, you might consider varying you shirt/blouse/tie/accessories as a simple way to change your look without breaking your wallet!

Employers hire people they believe will "fit" into their organization. Skills, experience, and qualifications are important, but so are dress and grooming. Your appearance expresses motivation and professionalism. When in doubt, err on the conservative and make a statement of who you are. You clothing and grooming should create the image the will help you get the job offer.

First Impressions:

Most of us have heard the expression, "A picture is worth a thousand words." Remember this when preparing to meet with a prospective employer. The picture you create will greatly influence your chances of being hired.

Most employers form a first impression during the first seven seconds of meeting. No much is said is this short time; early judgment is based strictly on appearance. Furthermore, studies reveal that employers consistently ask the question, "Does the individual look right for the job?"

Some basic guidelines to follow are:

• Be clean neat, including your fingernails, teeth, shoes, hair and face.
• Conservative two-pieces business suit in a basic color.
• Empty pockets-no bulges or tinkling coins/keys, etc.
• No gum, candy or cigarettes.
• Light briefcase or portfolio case
• No visible body piercing (noise, eyebrow, tongue etc) -wear minimum jewelry and cologne.
• Arrive ten minutes early and arrive alone.
• Smile; be friendly.
• Demonstrate a positive attitude.
• Use good eye contact.
• Shake hands firmly.
• Use good manners.
• Don't interrupt and don't argue!
• Don't chew gum.
• Take resumes and/or other pertinent information.

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How to crack GD ( Group Discussion )

Who Conducts A Group Discussion?

Group Discussion is conducted by B-schools, institutes and companies. In fact to get admission into B-school and other management and engineering institutes, GD has become and essential prerequisite. As far as companies are concerned, it is totally at the discretion of the companies if they want GD as part of their interview process.

Why is a GD conduct?

While entrance exams test the candidates for their academics and knowledge of subjects, the GD will test one for their soft skill and their ability to cope with various situations. Usually the institutes or companies conducting the GD know exactly what they want in their candidates. They are very clear about the specific traits that they want in their candidates. The Group Discussion helps them to analyze whether the candidates possess the required traits or not.

GD also serves as a mass-elimination tool. When there are many candidates applying for limited seats, the GD can act as a benchmark to select the best among the lot.

BEFORE THE GROUP DISCUSSION

Stock yourself with information:

No one knows that the topic of GD is going to be. Hence, it will be a good idea to keep yourself abreast with topic like.

Current Affairs:

Current affairs is something that you have to be thorough with. For this, read newspapers regularly and watch news on the television. Understand the recent crises the world is reeling under, the latest development initiatives, the ties between various countries and the like.

Historical Topics:

Have a fair knowledge about the country history and also the history of other countries. The topics may not be specifically from this area, but having historical information will help you cite example and make references whenever needed.

Sports, Arts & Literature:

In these topics, try to have a decent idea about what is popular, who are the leaders in each area, the latest that has happened in these areas. If the topic for GD is from these areas, then you will be in control of the situation, or else you can definitely use the information to drew references. 

Making a good impression while speaking in interviews is the basic skill every professional should have. Let's see how you can make this impression. 

What skills are judged in group discussion?

• How good you are at communication with others.
• How you behave and interact with group.
• How open minded are you.
• Your listening skill.
• How you put forward your views.
• Your leadership and decision making skills.
• Your analysis skill and subject knowledge.
• Problem solving and critical thinking skill
• Your attitude an confidence.

GENERIC TIPS:

• On the day of GD, dress in comfortable clothes that are simply you.
• Be confident but avoid being over confident.
• Talk sense, Avoid superficial talk.
• Listen carefully and speak only at the appropriate time.
• Be very sure of what you are speaking.
• Use easy-to-understand English.
• Speak loudly and clearly.
• Do not be deterred by other members aggressive or submissive behaviour.
• Accommodate diverse view points.
• Put forth your points without being aggressive.
• Give due importance to other persons views. However, stick to the point you have made. Try to support it with more view points.
• Do not allow yourself to be diverted by other peoples points.
• Do not be distract, Your concentration should be solely on the discussion.
• If you do not know something, do not speak.
• Do not get excited or aggressive during the discussion. Try to maintain a balanced tone through out.
• Try to contribute throughout the discussion.
• Try to be the first and the last to speak.
• Read as much as possible. Have good and sound knowledge on numerous topics. Watching documentaries on various topics will help here.
• Improve your vocabulary. This does not mean that you use heavy and big words, but it means that you will be able to understand the topic better and contribute effectively.

Logical conclusion: 

When the discussion is about to end, try to conclude it by taking in the points that everyone has made coming to a decent conclusion. This will indicate your analytical skills and also the way you structure your thoughts.

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  नोट: 

अत्यंत सावधानी लेने के बावजूद भी हिन्दी टाइपिंग में मात्राओं और शब्दों में हमसे कुछ गलतियाँ हो सकतीं है ! अगर आपको इस प्रकार की गलतियाँ हमारे वेबसाइट के पोस्ट में दिखें तो कमेंट के माध्यम से हमें बताएं ! हम इस वेबसाइट पर जितने भी पोस्ट लिखते हैं वो मात्र ज्ञान के लिए है !